An advance healthcare directive allows you to outline your preference for medical treatment in the event that you become unable to make or communicate decisions yourself. This is also known as an advance decision or living will.

There are two types of advance healthcare directive:

Advance decision to refuse treatment (ADRT)

This statement is legally binding

It specifies treatments you do not want to receive in the future if you lack the capacity to make or communicate decisions, this can include refusal of specific treatments like ventilation or resuscitation.

If the decision includes refusal of life-sustaining treatments it must state clearly that the decision applies even if life is at risk.

The statement must be in writing, signed and witnessed.

Advance statement

This statement is not legally binding

It provides a general statement of your preferences, wishes, beliefs and values regarding your future care.

It can cover things like preferred living arrangements, religious beliefs, and dietary requirements.

The advance statement helps guide healthcare professionals and loved ones to make decisions aligned with your preferences although it's not enforceable by law.

It would be advisable to discuss your wishes with your GP or legal advisor to ensure your directives are clear and comprehensive.

Do

  • Make sure you and your witness have signed the document especially if it includes refusal of life-sustaining treatment.
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  • Share copies with your family members, GP, health professionals and any legal representatives,
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  • consider carrying a card that indicates you have an advance directive.
Information:

You must have mental capacity when making the advance directive and should regularly review and update it when needed.

You can also revoke your advance directive at any time while you have capacity.

You can download a blank advance healthcare directive that you can print out and complete.

Page last reviewed: 27 June 2024
Next review due: 27 June 2025