Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. Such events may include serious accidents, natural disasters, combat or instances of violence.
Individuals with PTSD often struggle with persistent and distressing memories, nightmares, and flashbacks related to the traumatic incident. They may also experience heightened anxiety, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, and changes in mood and cognition. PTSD can significantly impact daily life and relationships.
Signs
Signs of PTSD can manifest in various ways, and often fall into four main categories.
- Intrusive Memories – Individuals may experience recurrent and distressing memories of the traumatic event, flashbacks, or nightmares. The intrusive memories can be so intense that they feel as if the trauma is happening again.
- Avoidance – People with PTSD may actively avoid reminders of the traumatic event, including places, people, activities, or discussions that trigger distressing memories. This avoidance can lead to social isolation and withdrawal.
- Negative Changes in Mood and Thinking – PTSD can cause persistent negative thoughts and feelings, such as guilt, shame, or a distorted sense of blame. Individuals may also experience a diminished interest in activities they once enjoyed, feel detached from others, and have difficulty experiencing positive emotions.
- Hyperarousal and reactivity – Hyperarousal symptoms can include difficulty sleeping, irritability, angry outbursts, trouble concentrating, and an exaggerated startle response. Individuals may feel constantly on edge or easily startled.
Treatment
- Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) – This form of therapy helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviours related to the traumatic event.
- Exposure Therapy – Gradual, controlled exposure to thoughts, feelings and situations related to the trauma to reduce avoidance and fear.
- Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing – A therapy that involves guided eye movements to process distressing memories and reduce their impact.
- Medication – Antidepressant medications can help manage symptoms of PTSD, such as anxiety and Depression.
- Support Groups – Sharing experiences with others who have gone through similar traumas can provide understanding and validation.
- Mind-Body Techniques – Yoga, meditation and relaxation techniques can help manage stress and promote overall well-being.
Support Services
Page last reviewed: 15 November 2024
Next review due: 15 November 2025